Peas are native to the Mediterranean and Central Asia and are now one of the most important cultivated crops in the world, mainly distributed in Asia and Europe.
Growing Conditions for Peas
1. Temperature
Peas are semi-cold-tolerant crops that like wet and humid climates, but are not resistant to dry heat and monotony. The cold resistance of peas with round seeds is stronger than that of wrinkled seeds, and the initial temperature of seed germination is lower, 1-2 °C for round seeds and 3-5 °C for wrinkled seeds. But the seeds germinate slowly at low temperature.
The seedlings have strong cold resistance, and the optimum temperature in the seedling stage is 15-20 °C. The minimum temperature for flowering is 8-12°C. The optimum temperature for flowering and podding is 15-18°C. The pod ripening stage requires 18-20 ℃, and the pod matures prematurely during high temperature and drought, and the yield and quality decrease.
2. Lighting
Most varieties of peas are long-day crops. When introducing from the north to the south, the early and middle-maturing varieties should be introduced, and the late-maturing varieties must not be introduced, and the southern varieties can bloom and bear early when they are introduced to the north for cultivation.
3. Moisture
Peas are temperature-loving crops, and their drought resistance is not as good as other vegetables such as kidney beans and cowpeas. During the growth period, the air humidity is about 75%, and the relative soil moisture content is about 70%. The plants grow well and the peas are not resistant to rain and waterlogging. During the growing period, the rainy season is prolonged, and various diseases are prone to occur. Pea seedlings are capable of a certain drought. The flowering and podding stage requires more water, and the relative air humidity is 60%-80%. Too high or too low will seriously affect the flowering and podding.
4. Soil
Peas have a wide range of adaptability to soil, and are not very demanding on soil quality. Sandy loam and loam soil with strong water retention, good ventilation and rich humus are the most suitable. The optimum soil pH is 6.0-7.2. For soils that are too acidic, lime can be added to the soil for improvement.
5. Nutrients
Peas have a large demand for phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The peak of phosphorus demand is reached 15-16 days after flowering. When phosphorus is insufficient, the plants are dwarfed, the leaves are small and dull, and the flowers are few. . It is sensitive to the trace elements boron and molybdenum, and can be sprayed with 0.3%-0.5% borax or 0.01%-0.05% ammonium molybdate to make up for the deficiency.
Planting techniques of peas
1. Cultivation requirements
Peas bogey continuous cropping. After continuous cropping, it can cause poisoning to the next crop of peas and aggravate the occurrence of pests and diseases, so peas are usually rotated with other crops. White-flowered varieties are more avoidable for continuous cropping than purple-flowered varieties, and their rotation years need to be longer. Peas can also be mixed and intercropped with other crops.
2. Land selection
Drip irrigation cultivation requires less soil, which is conducive to the survival of seedlings and the growth of crops. Therefore, soils with deep soil layers, light soil salinity, and medium fertility can be planted.
3. Soil loosening and fertilization
After sowing, the soil should be loosened several times to increase the ground temperature to promote root growth, and the seedlings will be strong. For autumn-sown cultivation, the soil should be cultivated once before overwintering, and the overwintering should be kept warm and antifreeze. After the spring, the soil should be loosened and weeded in time to increase the ground temperature.
Before the peas bloom, water a small amount of water to follow the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, accelerate the growth of the plant, promote the division of skills, and then loosen the soil to maintain moisture. When the stem begins to set pods, the amount of watering is slightly increased, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added. The soil should always be kept moist during the podding period. To ensure the water required for pod development. In the late stage of pod formation, the bean seedlings are closed and the watering is reduced.
When the vines are 30 cm high, start to support. Peas are harvested in batches, and fertilizer is applied once per harvest.
4. Leakage and top dressing
After emergence, check the seedlings in time to make up for the deficiency, and cultivating and weeding 1 or 2 times. Heavy application of top dressing at the seedling stage, especially in fields where no or little base fertilizer is applied, generally 5 to 7.5 kg of compound fertilizer or 5 kg of urea is applied per mu.
For tall stalk varieties, when the temperature rises in spring and the plants begin to elongate, insert small bamboos with tips or branches with branches (leaves removed) between the rows, so that the bean plants can climb and grow. Peas are not resistant to water stains, and attention should be paid to clearing and drainage in spring.
More nutrients are needed when flowering and pod formation. Apply 7.5 kg of urea and 5 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu. In the drum stage, 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate were sprayed twice.
5. Pest control
The main diseases of peas are root rot, brown spot, powdery mildew, brown streak, etc. The main pests are black miner, leaf miner and so on. Pests and pests and control methods can be viewed in the tweet of the public account “Mango”, or by replying to “pea” in the “Mango” public account dialog box.
6. Harvest in time
Harvest time depends on how you eat it. Generally, peas are harvested when the seeds are full 15 to 18 days after flowering, dry peas are harvested when 70% to 80% of the pods are withered yellow, and vegetable peas are harvested when the tender pods are not showing seeds 12 to 14 days after flowering. About 30 days after sowing, the top young shoots of pea seedlings are collected when the height of the seedlings is 18 cm. For feed, they are harvested in full bloom, and for green manure, they are turned over in time after harvesting the pods.